Safeguarding Places of Worship during the Prophetic Era: Assessment of Early Islamic Covenants and Their Impacts on Early Muslim Polities

Treaties and covenants have been the most important instruments of international relations in both ancient modem times, playing a significant role promotion religious freedom, peaceful coexistence, interfaith harmony. The rapid spread broad appeal early Islam brought matters cosmopolitan state governance to cadre Muslim leaders whose main political experience had with parochial Arabian tribalism. foremost issue was position, rights, responsibilities non-Muslim communities within Arab-Islamic empire. Consequently, numerous treaties were devised subjects foreign states during expansion world. This study examines protection places worship under rule Prophet Mu?ammad ? his successors, including future caliphs generals. It explores practical application by successors Islamic history, exploring extent which these effective maintaining co-existence multi-faith society. In sum, for sake concision, only specific segments are examined, non-Muslims their Conquests.